化成箔厂腐蚀废酸回收利用技术经济可行性研究

化成箔厂因腐蚀铝箔而产生大量废酸,本文利用扩散渗析工作原理对废酸进行回收,不仅减少对水环境的污染,而且对企业具有较好的经济效益,有利于企业和社会的可持续发展.     

大型啤酒企业废水处理工程的设计与运行

采用酸化-生物接触氧化工艺处理大型啤酒企业生产废水。工程运行表明在进水SS、CODCr、BOD5平均浓度分别为516mg／L、572mg／L、288mg／L的条件下，排出水的SS、CODCr、BOD5平均浓度分别为46mg／L、36mg／L、6．2mg／L，处理后水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)二级排放标准。本工艺具有运行稳定可靠，容积负荷高，处理效果好，运行费用低，污泥产量小；不发生污泥膨胀等特点。     

ABR-生物接触氧化法处理纤维板生产废水

以工程为例，介绍了折流厌氧反应器和生物接触氧化工艺在处理纤维板生产废水中的应用。结果表明CODCr去除率达到97％，出水水质为110mg／L，能够满足国家二级排放标准，具有一定的推广价值。     

Sensitivity of Bidens laevis L. to mutagenic compounds. Use of chromosomal aberrations as biomarkers of genotoxicity

The wetland macrophyte Bidens laevis possesses suitable cytological characteristics for genotoxicity testing. To test its sensitivity as compared to terrestrial plants species currently in use in standardized assays, Methyl Methanesulfonate (MMS), N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and Maleic Hydrazide (HM) were used. On the other hand, the insecticide Endosulfan (ES) - an environmentally relevant contaminant - was assayed in seeds and two-month old plants. Mitotic Index (MI), frequency of Chromosome Aberrations in Anaphase-Telophase (CAAT) and frequency of Abnormal Metaphases (AM) were analyzed. MH, MMS and ENU caused a significant decrease of the MI. MMS was aneugenic whereas MH and ENU were both aneugenic and clastogenic. ES caused a significant concentration-dependent increase of total- and aneugenic-CAAT in roots and a significant high frequency of AM at high concentrations. Because of its sensitivity to mutagenic substances, B. laevis can be regarded as a reliable and convenient species for genotoxicity assays especially if aquatic contaminants are evaluated.     

UV/Fenton法预处理橡胶促进剂生产废水

采用UV/Fenton法对橡胶促进剂废水进行预处理.当原水COD约为3000 mg/L时,COD去除率可达65%以上,并得到最佳操作条件为:H2O2投加量为8 mL/L,Fe2 投加量为0.8 g/L,反应时间为30 min,pH=5;同时得到Fenton试剂处理该废水的最佳条件为:H2O2投加量为10 mL/L,Fe2 投加量为0.966 g/L,反应时间为30 min,pH=5;单独UV作用的最佳工艺条件为:反应时间为20 min,pH=5;并就3种处理方法进行了比较,发现UV对Fenton试剂处理橡胶促进剂废水具有一定促进作用.反应前后的紫外光谱说明,经UV/Fenton或Fenton反应后原水中的苯胺、硝基苯等物质已得到了彻底的氧化分解.     

生物制品企业污水的消毒处理及实例

生物制品企业排放的污水中含有大量的致病性细菌、病毒等微生物,必须进行彻底的消毒处理。由于生产的制品种类不同导致所排放的微生物不同,因此需根据微生物的种类选择合适的消毒方法。     

Production and use of DDT containing antifouling paint resulted in high DDTs residue in three paint factory sites and two shipyard sites, China

This study provides the first intensive investigation of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDT) distribution in typical paint factories and shipyards in China where DDT containing antifouling paint were mass produced and used respectively. DDTs were analyzed in soil, sludge and sediment samples collected from three major paint factories and two shipyards. The results showed that the total DDTs concentrations detected in paint factory and shipyard sites ranged from 0.06 to 8387.24 mg kg⁻¹. In comparison with paint factory sites, the shipyard sites were much more seriously contaminated. However, for both kinds of sites, the DDTs level was found to be largely affected by history and capacity of production and use of DDT containing antifouling paint. (DDE + DDD)/DDT ratios indicated that DDT containing antifouling paint could serve as important fresh input sources for DDTs. It can be seen that most samples in shipyards were in ranges where heavy contamination and potential ecological risk were identified.     

石化工业区域厂址环境评估

石化工业区域厂址环境评估是区域环境评价的一个重要分支。文章简要介绍了厂址环境评估（ＥＳＡ）的基本类型、工作程序和实施方法，并结合实例探讨了石化工业区域厂址环境评估。     

焦化厂周边PM10-梧桐叶片-土壤介质中PAHs相关性研究

为了研究焦化厂大气可吸入颗粒物（PM₁₀）、梧桐叶片、土壤3介质中PAHs的污染特征、来源及相关性,连续1 a采其周边PM₁₀、梧桐叶片及土壤样品,利用美国EPA8000系列方法进行分析.结果发现,PM₁₀、梧桐叶片、土壤3种介质中PAHs总量年平均值分别为101.11 ng/m³、79.45 ng/g和121.53 μg/g;PM₁₀中苯并(a)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)、荧蒽、苯并(a)芘等高环数的多环芳烃占明显优势;在梧桐叶片中萘、苊、苯并(a)芘和苯并(g,h,i)的含量较高;土壤中苊烯、芘、苯并(a)蒽等3和4环的PAHs占较大比例. 5月梧桐树叶中只含有苊和芘,而且浓度较低,分别为0.16 ng/g和0.63 ng/g;7、8月梧桐叶中PAHs总量显著提高,从39.19 ng/g上升到150.94 ng/g.通过相关性推断,焦化厂PAHs主要来源为复合污染; 梧桐叶片中PAHs各组分浓度与土壤和PM₁₀中各组分的浓度均具有极显著的相关性（p<0.01）.     

Partial compensation of the sublethal effect of deltamethrin on the sex pheromonal communication of Trichogramma brassicae

Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used and lead to a sizable environmental pollution that could interfere with the population biology of insects. Trichogramma is a beneficial insect used in biological control and which natural populations contribute to the control of Lepidopterus pests. In this work, we determined the effect of a sublethal dose of deltamethrin on the sex pheromonal communication of Trichogramma. The dose used (LD 0.1) induces no detectable mortality (the theoretical mortality is only one insect over 1000) and can be a good representation of contamination by this insecticide from environmental pollution. The insecticide was shown to have opposite effects on the sex pheromonal communication of Trichogramma, depending on which sex was exposed (Delpuech, J.M., Legallet, B., Terrier, O., Fouillet, P., 1999. Chemosphere 38, 729–739). We show that, when both sexes are simultaneously exposed to the insecticide, this effect is only partially neutralized. The mean response of treated males responding to the sex pheromone from treated females is not significantly different from that of controls, but the kinetics of their response is not the same. When both sexes are treated, the response of males to the sex pheromone is lower at the beginning but their response does not decrease during time contrary to controls and becomes finally higher than that of controls. Therefore, the sublethal effect of deltamethrin in the field can be either advantageous or disadvantageous depending on the difficulty in finding females and their scarcity.